On the Edge of Comics Criticism
On the Edge of the Panel: Essays on Comics Criticism reviewed by BenoĂźt Crucifix
Building on a 2011 international conference held at the Universidad de AlcalĂĄ in Spain, On the Edge of the Panel brings together a rich and diverse set of English- and Spanish-language comics scholarship. It opens up a productive dialogue between various traditions of comics studies, both in terms of objects and theories, exploring the kind of international and transnational work that comics scholars have been calling for.
One of the strengths of On the Edge of the Panel is to offer a global audience a glimpse into the vibrant field of Spanish-language comics studies, with original contributions in English. Also important in this regard is the inclusion of texts in Spanish, affirming the vitality of comics scholarship in other languages, even though one of the inevitable downsides of such a bilingual publication is perhaps the imbalance between the majority of Anglophone essays and the occasional chapters written in Spanish.
On the Edge is divided into three parts, roughly organized according to methodology and moving from historical approaches through formal analyzes of specific techniques, to conclude with close-readings of particular works and authors. The historical chapters make a solid contribution to the diversity that the book seeks to advance, by interrogating a variety of objects and traditions â from British seventeenth and eighteenth century prints to early Spanish comics and Japanese manga. The articles follow in the footsteps of David Kunzleâs (1973) pioneering work, subtly pushing âșoriginsâč further back while questioning the dominant narrative of Rodolphe Töpffer as the âșfatherâč of comics. The contributors navigate these muddy waters, where boundaries between caricature, engraving, print, and indeed âșcomicsâč, are blurred, with great caution, without eschewing the thorny issue of definition. The authors offer fascinating analyses of âșoldâč works, such as the late sixteenth-century visual narratives by Francis Barlow or the Bibliae Pauperum of the Middle Ages, through the lens of what we have come to identify as comics, without necessarily reclaiming them as comics. In this sense, the contributors are careful in their use of definitions. Yet, the continuing emphasis on distinguishing features of comics, such as speech balloon, sequence and narrative, remains at times imbued with a teleological perspective that Thierry Smolderen has warned comics historians against with the motto »the historian shouldnât explain the history of the form on the basis of its present state, but explain the present state of the form on the basis of its history« (2011, 1). The dominant definitions of comics as sequential and narrative loom large over these readings of comics history. At their best, however, the chapters, like Roberto Bartualâs formal analysis of sixteenth-century graphic narratives and Nicolas Theisenâs theoretical proposition based on Kitazawa Rakutenâs work, are cautious to avoid the teleological trappings and offer rich, granular, contextual readings that duly historicize the objects, filling in gaps in comics historiography and challenging naturalized conventions of comics.
The second part is more heterogeneous in its discourse and references, encompassing mostly formal-theoretical arguments, reading through corpora of varying scale. JosĂ© Manuel Trabado, for instance, reads through Michael Rosenâs and Quentin Blakeâs Sad Book, Pascal Girardâs Nicolas, Aude Picaultâs Papa, and Simone Liaâs Fluffy to reflect on the formal convergence between the picture book and the graphic novel, analyzing the operating contrast between the childrenâs book graphics and intended adult readership. Daniel GĂłmez Salamanca and Josep Rom RodrĂguez examine the place of caricature in comics from a more theoretical perspective, Mark McHarry studies the genre of boyâs love manga, while IvĂĄn Pintor surveys historical comics to investigate the place of death and memory in the formal apparatus of comics. Using a wide transnational corpus, Ălvaro Nofuentesâ chapter offers an interesting complement as well as fresh perspectives for the concept of »graphic hybridization« that has been taking stock in comics studies thanks to Smolderen (2014) and Thierry Groensteen (2014) and of course Ălvaro Nofuentesâs (2011) own master thesis. Lastly, Joe Sutliff Sandersâ excellent chapter makes a crucial contribution on digital comics by focusing on comics for mobile devices and close-reading the comiXology-distributed but creator-owned Valentine. In this way Sanders shows how comics for mobile devices »promise [âŠ] to revise what comics scholars have used to theorize comics« (175), renegotiating the conventional difference between comics and film through the integration of âșmobileâč images.
The last part of the book collects a series of close-readings on specific comics artists, ranging from âșcanonicalâč authors like Daniel Clowes, Frank Miller, or Art Spiegelman to more obscure material like Juaco Vizueteâs El resentido. In the case of the former, given that some of the works already occupy significant shelf space on the comics studies rack, the authors do not always succeed in providing fresh perspectives into works as Sethâs It's a Good Life If You Don't Weaken and Spiegelmanâs Maus, whereby the analyzes inevitably fall short because of the lack of engagement with that preexistent discourse. Nonetheless, other pieces precisely offer key insights into the work of established authors, such as Greice Schneiderâs reading of boredom in the comics of Daniel Clowes, which further fleshes out her masterful What Happens When Nothing Happens (2016), or Barbara Uhligâs detailed contextual analysis of the works of Andrea Pazienza and Lorenzo Mattotti, which highlights the impact of the 1977 student riots in Italy on magazines as Frigidaire and Valvoline.
All in all, the book thus brings together a diverse host of contributions, showing the vitality of English- and Spanish-language comics scholarship. This diversity, however, has its limitations: the nature, quality and size of the articles strongly vary, and the editorial apparatus does not succeed in giving the book a clearer focus. As such, the collection might reflect the vibrant heterogeneity of comics studies, but it does little to advance a specific angle or subject. In this way, On the Edge of the Panel seems to struggle with the difficult positioning of comics studies, where the frail red thread in the book is âșsimplyâč comics. It might contain rich and varied essays, but in an increasingly crowded market for comics scholarship, this lack of focus is an important hurdle to the circulation and visibility of these essays. For comics studies as a field to grow, one does not only need strong individual contributions, but mostly to demonstrate the ability to work collectively on specific questions.
Bibliography
- Groensteen, Thierry: Lâhybridation graphique ou le patchwork de styles. In: Hybridations. Les rencontres du texte et de l'image. Ed. Laurent Gerbier. Tours: Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais, 2014, p. 167â175.
- Kunzle, David: History of the Comic Strip. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
- Nofuentes, Ălvaro: Le style graphique composite dans la bande dessinĂ©e. Histoire, thĂ©orie et applications narratives. Unpublished MA thesis. Poitiers: UniversitĂ© de Poitiers/Ăcole EuropĂ©enne SupĂ©rieure de l'Image. In: neuviĂšmeart 2.0. <http://neuviemeart.citebd.org/?memoire15>. 2011. Accessed 17. Nov. 2017.
- Schneider, Greice: What Happens When Nothing Happens. Boredom and Everyday Life in Contemporary Comics. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2016.
- Smolderen, Thierry: A Chapter on Methodology. In: SIGNs: Studies in Graphic Narratives, 2.1 (2011), p. 1â23.
- Smolderen, Thierry: Lâhybridation graphique, creuset de la bande dessinĂ©e. In: Hybridations. Les rencontres du texte et de l'image. Ed. Laurent Gerbier. Tours: Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais, 2014, p. 147â165.
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On the Edge of the Panel
Essays on Comics Criticism
Julio Cañero, Esther Claudio (Eds.)
Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015
330 p., 52,99 GBP
ISBN 978-1-4438-7787-9